Post by : Rameen Ariff

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to scientists Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance, the Nobel Assembly of Sweden's Karolinska Institute announced on Monday.

These discoveries have been described as foundational in creating a new field of research and have paved the way for the development of new treatments for diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. Peripheral immune tolerance is the mechanism by which the immune system avoids attacking the body’s own tissues, a crucial process in maintaining health.

The Nobel Prize winners will receive 11 million Swedish crowns (around $1.2 million) along with a gold medal, which will be presented by the King of Sweden during the official award ceremony.

The Nobel Prizes were established by the will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite, and have been awarded since 1901 to recognize outstanding contributions in science, literature, and peace. The Economics Prize was added later and is funded by the Riksbank, Sweden’s central bank. All Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, except for the Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo.

Over the years, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has honored groundbreaking discoveries, including Alexander Fleming’s 1945 award for discovering penicillin and more recently, contributions that enabled the development of COVID-19 vaccines. Last year, the prize went to US scientists Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA and its role in cell specialization.

The Nobel Prizes remain one of the most prestigious international awards, steeped in tradition. Winners are selected by expert committees from various institutions, and the annual award ceremonies are attended by the royal families of Sweden and Norway, culminating in lavish banquets held on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.

This year’s award highlights the importance of immune system research and its impact on modern medicine, reaffirming the Nobel Prize’s role in recognizing transformative scientific achievements.

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