Post by : Badri Ariffin

Abu Dhabi, UAE – In a major scientific advancement, the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) along with the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) have initiated the UAE's first population genomics examination of the Ghaf tree (Prosopis cineraria). This research uncovers vital genetic information that may revise conservation methodologies for this beloved desert tree and bolster climate-resilient ecosystems throughout the nation.

As the UAE’s national tree, the Ghaf holds significant ecological importance. Its extensive roots help stabilize sand dunes, enrich the soil, and serve as a habitat for desert wildlife. Culturally, it symbolizes endurance and life in the desert. Despite its pivotal role, understanding its genetic diversity has been limited until now.

Experts from EAD’s Plant Genetic Resources Centre and ICBA performed a whole-genome sequencing of Ghaf trees from various environments including sand dunes, valleys, coastal regions, and mountain ranges. They discovered four genetically distinct groups, notably one unique population in the foothills of the Hajar Mountains and at Jebel Hafeet National Park in Abu Dhabi. This group reflects a distinct evolutionary path, opening doors for focused conservation initiatives.

The insights gained from this study lay the groundwork for key initiatives. The genetic data will support national Ghaf tree planting initiatives, seed conservation, and habitat restoration projects. It also provides crucial understanding of how these trees adapt to environmental stressors, forming a basis for climate-smart strategies in areas affected by desertification and salinity.

To complement the research, digital resources have been developed to map the genetic links among the Ghaf populations. These tools will empower conservationists and planners to make informed, data-supported decisions in preserving biodiversity and enhancing ecological resilience in the UAE's arid landscapes.

By blending innovative genomics with actionable conservation strategies, this research signifies a transformative step toward preserving native species in dry climates. It highlights the significance of science and pioneering methods in safeguarding the natural legacy for upcoming generations in the UAE.

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